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This might include geology, geography, chemistry, or another topic. Students work to understand and solve problems within game constructs. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. I want to see their creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving in action. Do you see what I’m doing?
To help get it started, I taught 2 sections of the new first year course: Modeling Chemistry. It was the first time the class was happening, my first (and probably last) time teaching chemistry, and there weren’t a lot of other 9th grade chemistry models to use. We aimed to do the first 8 units, and we did the first 7. (My
At the University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg in the US, biologists Barbara Barnhart and Dr Olivia Long are using their Science Seminar programme to ease this transition for first year students studying biology, chemistry and biochemistry degrees. What do students learn from studying this?
And if we treat these as equivalent and merge them we now get: (The question of “state equivalence” is a subtle one, that ultimately depends on the operation of the observer, and how the observer constructs their perception of what’s going on. It’s a new kind of fundamentally multiway construct.
It began partly as an empirical law, and partly as something abstractly constructed on the basis of the idea of molecules, that nobody at the time knew for sure existed. And indeed particularly in chemistry and engineering it’s often been in the background, justifying all the computations routinely done using entropy.
The fall of 2021 involved really leaning into the new multicomputational paradigm , among other things giving a long list of where it might apply : metamathematics, chemistry, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, immunology, linguistics, economics, machine learning, distributed computing. Let’s talk first about chemistry.
I strongly believe that the world needs engineers with strong critical thinking skills, who know how to ask questions, understand bias, construct and evaluate arguments, and think comprehensively and creatively. This goes hand in hand with ethical thinking.
Then for each function (or other construct in the language) there are pages that explain the function, with extensive examples. One new construct added in Version 13.1 —and And now there’s a way to specify that, using Threaded : In a sense, Threaded is part of a new wave of symbolic constructs that have “ambient effects” on lists.
A lot of science—and technology—has been constructed specifically around computationally reducible phenomena. Once again, I had no idea this was “out there”, and certainly I would never have been able to construct it myself. There is, however, a subtlety here. Back in 1987—as part of building Version 1.0
Sometimes textbooks will gloss over everything; sometimes they’ll give some kind of “common-sense-but-outside-of-physics argument”. In some types of rules it’s basically always there , by construction. But one never quite gets there ; it always seems to need something extra. But the mystery of the Second Law has never gone away.
One of the key things that had originally let me start “scientifically investigating” cellular automata is that out of all the infinite number of possible constructible rules, I’d picked a modest number on which I could do exhaustive experiments. Of course, as is typical in the history of ideas, there’s more to the story.
Its key idea is to think of things in the world as being constructed from some kind of simple-to-describe elements—say geometrical objects—and then to use something like logical reasoning to work out what will happen with them. It’s not difficult to construct multiway system models. There are multiway Turing machines.
Its key idea is to think of things in the world as being constructed from some kind of simple-to-describe elements—say geometrical objects—and then to use something like logical reasoning to work out what will happen with them. It’s not difficult to construct multiway system models. There are multiway Turing machines.
He was going for what he saw as the big prize: using them to “construct the universe”. In 2015 Ed told me a nice story about his time at Caltech: In 1952–53, I was a student in Linus Pauling’s class where he lectured Freshman Chemistry at Caltech. Richard Feynman and I would get into very fierce arguments.
Having this as a single function makes it easier to use in functional programming constructs like this: ✕. But sometimes it’s much more convenient to get the subgraph (and in fact in the formalism of our Physics Project that subgraph—that we view as a “ geodesic ball ”—is a rather central construct). So in Version 12.3
we have a new symbolic construct, Threaded , that effectively allows you to easily generalize listability. You can give Threaded as an argument to any listable function, not just Plus and Times : ✕. we’re adding SymmetricDifference : find elements that (in the 2-argument case) are in one list or the other, but not both.
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