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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

Computational Foundations for the Second Law of Thermodynamics (forthcoming) 2. And indeed particularly in chemistry and engineering it’s often been in the background, justifying all the computations routinely done using entropy. This is part 3 in a 3-part series about the Second Law: 1. How Did We Get Here?

Energy 89
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A 50-Year Quest: My Personal Journey with the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

Computational Foundations for the Second Law of Thermodynamics (forthcoming) 2. And I spent much of the summer of 1972 writing my own (unseen by anyone else for 30+ years) Concise Directory of Physics that included a rather stiff page about energy, mentioning entropy—along with the heat death of the universe. How Did We Get Here?

Physics 95
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The Concept of the Ruliad

Stephen Wolfram

Think of it as the entangled limit of everything that is computationally possible: the result of following all possible computational rules in all possible ways. And it’s one that I think has extremely deep implications—both in science and beyond. The full ruliad is in effect a representation of all possible computations.

Physics 123
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The Physicalization of Metamathematics and Its Implications for the Foundations of Mathematics

Stephen Wolfram

We can think of the ruliad as the entangled limit of all possible computations—or in effect a representation of all possible formal processes. Many of these consequences are incredibly complicated, and full of computational irreducibility. But now we can make a bridge to mathematics. So is something similar happening with mathematics?