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Charting a Course for “Complexity”: Metamodeling, Ruliology and More

Stephen Wolfram

And at first I did so in the main scientific paradigm I knew : models based on mathematics and mathematical equations. From mathematics. Mathematical physics. By the late 1970s, though, there were other initiatives emerging, particularly coming from mathematics and mathematical physics. Synergetics.

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How Did We Get Here? The Tangled History of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Stephen Wolfram

But by the end of the 1800s, with the existence of molecules increasingly firmly established, the Second Law began to often be treated as an almost-mathematically-proven necessary law of physics. There were still mathematical loose ends, as well as issues such as its application to living systems and to systems involving gravity.

Energy 89
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Will AIs Take All Our Jobs and End Human History—or Not? Well, It’s Complicated…

Stephen Wolfram

And indeed it increasingly seems as if the “secret” that nature uses to make the complexity it so often shows is exactly to operate according to the rules of simple programs. And indeed over the past three centuries there’s been lots of success in doing this, mainly by using mathematical equations.

Computer 102
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Are there ‘rules’ for conveying emotion through art?

Futurum

However, the skills learnt from subjects such as mathematics and physics are everlasting and applicable to many different fields. I experienced collaborations between biology, engineering and social sciences with a playful attitude. Dirk’s top tip Take all the mathematics classes you can!

Biology 89
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Imaging the invisible: how can research software and imaging techniques help scientists study the things we can’t see?

Futurum

Scientific model — a conceptual or mathematical representation of a real-world phenomenon that allows scientists to study the phenomenon in more detail. Scientists can now turn their theories into mathematical models, which can then be expressed in software as simulations.